Research Study on Gender Bias in Education Essay

These instructions were used as a form of deception to prove my hypothesis. My hypothesis was that women would be more affected by this deception than would the men. My results proved otherwise. Results showed there was little difference in the way the women and men performed on these tests on either version. The ANOVA testing showed these clear results. Does Performance Reflect Success? Gender biases are present in the American culture. Women are put in a stereotype as the one to stay at home cleaning and cooking while men are believed to have to bring home the paychecks. How we live though is not the only area with gender biases. There are biases when it comes to sports, who can do what jobs and even education. Women are believed to be better at the education aspects having to do with words and comprehension while men are believed to be better at numbers or math. In the research world there is much controversy on whether the bias presented is true or not. Researchers have not been able to support this belief or disregard it due to the many conflicting results. A study done with the purpose of determining whether gender expectations still exist in present time, resulted in the idea that more and more genders are becoming equal in education (Jordan 2008). It was found that both sexes are more likely than ever to complete their high school education and even be able to obtain higher degree. The study also showed the gender gap in scores on the National Association of Education Progress becoming more and more narrow over time. Jordan does not refute the idea of gender bias in education but supported the idea that it is diminishing. These two researchers on the other hand, Fisher (2008) and Johnston (2005), have studies supporting their beliefs that gender biases in teaching are simply a myth. Both constructed research to support the idea that neither females nor males perform differently according to gender expectation or that these gender expectations are implemented at all. Fisher more, specifically, researching in math and Johnston in math and education. Chapman (2012) and Goetz (1996) though, both have studies that seem to prove otherwise. Chapman conducted a study, in Canada, which lead to the belief that gender discrepancies in teaching and education focus more positively on females. Chapman believes males are the ones taking losses in education expectancies. Goetz on the other hand, researched and came up with results which led him to believe American educators focus their attention more on males allowing them a positive advantage. After learning so much from previous research it can be accurately inferred that the gender bias in education does exist. A psychologist, Ghandi (2006) stated in his study the truth behind the bias. He used this truth to conduct a study in which he found that women not only believe the bias but are subject to it when they are told they will fail due to their gender. This particular study is what laid down the foundation for my research study. All of the above researchers knew the biased existed and all tried to support it or disprove it. This research project has one purpose; to find out not if gender biases exist but whether women are affected by these gender based expectations more than men. In many colleges and universities women are very comfortable with their gender; they are powerful, and successful. There are clubs devoted to women’s sexuality, success, and even fashion senses. There are awards given to women who have gotten superior grades, been offered great jobs, or are simply a success. Knowing this, what I want to learn is whether these women who are so highly praised and allowed the same success as men are still subjects to gender based expectations, more specifically in learning and education. In my study I will be deceiving the participants into thinking that only women will be successful in this study or to another group I will be saying only men will be successful. The way this will be done is by using simple high school level math tests. Before he test I will be falsely informing half of my participants (equal number of females and males) that only men will pass this test, and then I will repeat this with the other half of my participants but falsely informing them of the opposite. The fact that I will play on women’s vulnerability will allow me to learn whether these very empowered and successful women will still be so after being told th ey will fail before even trying. My hypothesis is that these women will be affected by such a statistic and depending on the false statistic they get, they will fulfill it. Methods Participants Forty eight undergraduate volunteers (24 males and 24 females) from Bryant University took part in this study. The average age of participants was recorded at 20. 22 years (SD=1. 13). No cultural or ethnic backgrounds were recorded. With help from different psychology professors a general description was given out within psychology classes and volunteers were recruited. To these participants in particular extra credit was allotted. The rest of the participants were recruited through word of mouth and e-mail in which they were once again given a general description of the study and asked whether they would be willing to volunteer. Each participant was tested individually and required approximately 15 minutes to complete study. Materials The study consisted of participants completing a standardized math test, four survey questions, and a deceptive article which can all be found in the appendix. The math test was found in an SAT math test practice site. This math test worked as the channel for the dependent variable (result on the test). The survey questions asked were simply used for collecting information. The questions did not ask sensitive information or anything that would put any participant at risk. Finally, the short article was written by myself and is completely fictional. It falsely informed the participants on information regarding SAT tests and reported false statistics on men outperforming women for half of the studies and the opposite for the other half. This was used as the deception part of the research which inconspicuously provided the participant with the independent variable (whether females or males pass this test) Procedures Forty eight students were recruited (24 females and 24 males) from Bryant University as the participants of my study. They were all recruited through psychology classes in which Professors gave a brief overview of what my study entailed and from there proceeded to recruit. The participants recruited in such a manner were rewarded with extra credit points in their class. The rest of the participants were recruited through word of mouth and group e-mails. With each participant recruited I have a brief explanation of what the study was comprised of, what it entailed, and more specifically what each participant would have to contribute. Once I recruited all participants which were necessary I began the research itself. At the start of their participation, each participant was handed a consent for in which they were asked to read thoroughly and if they agreed to the terms and conditions they were to sign and date. In the consent form participants were informed of their ability to leave the study at any time, their entitlement to any information and debriefing, on the confidentiality of the study and many more safety factors. To show the validity of the form I signed and dated on the same page each participant did right in front of them. Each participant agreed to the consent form allowing the study to continue. Once the consent form process was finished I would hand each participant the study packet. At this point they were told that each study was to be completed alone. The packet started off with an article which was entirely false and used to deceive each participant. On it there was made up information on the performance of genders on the SAT test throughout the past years. Each participant was informed that they would not be able to continue with the packet if they did not read these instructions. Once the instructions were read each participant could continue to the next section which consisted of the survey questions. These questions were purely used to collect data for analysis. Once the second part was completed each participant would continue on to the math portion of this study. The math portion of the test was a high school level standardized math test previously tested by college level participants. Each participant completed the math portion and would come to me to hand it in. when each individual would approach me I made sure to let them know the true nature of the study and informed them of the deceit. It was very important that no participant left the study with the false idea of one gender outperforming the other. I made sure each participant was thoroughly debriefed and had any questions they had answered. Results The data were analyzed using an ANOVA with the alpha level set at . 05. The main effect of gender participation was not significant, ? (1,44)=. 12, p=. 73, ? 2=. 003 and the main effect of gender test taking was not significant, ? (1,44)=. 00, p=1. 0, ? 2=. 00. However, the interaction between the gender participation and gender test was marginally significant, ? (1,44)=2. 97, p=. 9, ? 2=. 06. Figure 1 shows a cross-over interaction in which the two variables almost perfectly interact. My hypothesis stated that women’s scores would be more affected by the test gender and the deception then would the men’s. The results of the tests did not vary according to the gender of the participant or gender of the test. My hypothesis was not supported by the above da ta. There was, however, a notable factor in the results and the fact that they were similar in score for both genders. Discussion No significant main effect for test gender or participant gender occurred in this study. When taking a math test right after reading a deceitful article about the tendency of males or females to outperform the opposite sex, neither gender’s score seemed to be affected. This particular result is not what I predicted in my original hypothesis. Straying away from my belief that women would underperform the men once they were deceived into believing they would be outperformed, the results disproved my hypothesis. This outcome is consistent with the research of Fisher (2008) and Johnston (2005) in finding there is no significant gab in the performance of females and males in the subject of math. The results are not consistent though with those findings by Ghandi (2006) a researcher whose findings state that women do poorly on math when they are told their gender is to blame. Some factors which may have led to the inconsistency between my hypothesis and my results can be attributed to the limitation when conducting this research. Being part of such a small university, my research was very limited in the sample size it could use. Three thousand undergraduate students was a small population to choose just forty eight participants from. This also lead to what I believe was a biased sample since each and every participant was also my friend. The fact that the participants had a relationship with me could have caused an over performance level which would not usually happen. Some internal validity which should be looked at was the fact that many variables were simply not recorded. These factors include the race and ethnicity of the participant, whether English was their native language, if they understood the deceiving article in the start, and whether they understood every question asked in the math portion. Another internal validity factor is the way in which data was recorded. If this study were to be repeated, observation should definitely be an alternative way of recording data. There was so much happening as I observed each and every participant complete my study. Participants would get frustrated or smile the whole way through. Sometimes they would try to help each other out when I looked the other way or simply just guessed the answers since they did not want to be taking a math test. Using a standardized that does not give anything in return to these participants, should not have been my only source of data since it was not the best way to find results. Regardless of the limitations, new studies and research in the field of gender differences in education have resulted with outcomes very similar to mine. Although my hypothesis was not supported, the consistency it has with the studies of Fisher (2008) and Johnston (2005) only come to show that this study will be supporting much research in the psychology world. My results will be one more way to support the idea that there is little or no difference in gender performance in math. In addition to replicating my results, future research might extend the finding by examining other subjects in the world of education. Expanding the testing to be possibly in language, critical thinking, sciences and also math may give a better understanding on whether there is a discrepancy in women’s performance when they are told they are going to fail. Future research might also want to expand their sample by moving to younger generations in school, possibly in igh school, and older generations in and out of school. By doing so the outcome may result more accurately and allow a better understanding of the prediction. In conclusion, gender performance on standardized math tests do not have a direct link to the subject or the belief that one gender will outperform the other. After testing 48 participants (24 female and 24 male), giving each the same exact standardized math test but deceiving each to think they would outperform or underperform the opposite sex, no gender seemed to truly outperform. Each gender resulted close to equal. The results did not support my hypothesis but it led the way to a new hypothesis and a completely new approach to this study. References Goetz, J. (1996). In Education Expert: Classroom Gender Bias Persists. Cornell Cronicle. Retrieved from http://www. news. cornell. edu/chronicle/96/4. 25. 96/gender. html. Jordan, J (2008) The Myth of Gender Bias in School. Retrieved March 8, 2012. From http://www. parentdish. com/2008/05/20/the-myth-of-gender-bias-in-school/ Fisher, M (2008) Study: No gender differences in math performance. University of Wisconsin-Madison News. Retrieved from http://www. news. wisc. edu/15412 Johnston, T (2005) No evidence of innate gender differences in math and science, scholars assert. Stanford University News. Retrieved from http://news. stanford. edu/news/2005/february9/math-020905. html Gandhi, U. (2006) Gender bias in math skills doesn’t add up, scientists say. The Globe and Mail. Retrieved from http://www. theglobeandmail. com/news/technology/science/article197902. ece Chapman, A. (2012) Gender bias in education. Research Room. Retrieved from http://www. edchange. org/multicultural/papers/genderbias. html Table 1 Cross over interaction [pic] Appendix Survey questions Male/ Female (circle one) Date of Birth __________ Anticipated graduation year __________ Have you ever taken a standardized test (example: SAT) Math questions (standardized test) http://www. majortests. com/sat/problem-solving-test01 1. Of the following, which is greater than ? ? [pic]A. 2/5 [pic]B. 4/7 [pic]C. 4/9 [pic]D. 5/11 [pic]E. 6/13 2. If an object travels at five feet per second, how many feet does it travel in one hour? [pic]A. 30 [pic]B. 300 [pic]C. 720 [pic]D. 1800 [pic]E. 18000 3. What is the average (arithmetic mean) of all the multiples of ten from 10 to 190 inclusive? [pic]A. 90 [pic]B. 95 [pic]C. 100 [pic]D. 105 pic]E. 110 4. A cubical block of metal weighs 6 pounds. How much will another cube of the same metal weigh if its sides are twice as long? [pic]A. 48 [pic]B. 32 [pic]C. 24 [pic]D. 18 [pic]E. 12 5. In a class of 78 students 41 are taking French, 22 are taking German and 9 students are taking both French and German. How many students are not enrolled in either course? [pic]A. 6 [pic]B. 15 [pic]C. 24 [pic]D. 33 [pic]E. 54 6. If f(x) = Â ¦(x? – 50)Â ¦, what is the value of f(-5) ? [pic]A. 75 [pic]B. 25 [pic]C. 0 [pic]D. -25 [pic]E. -75 7. ( v2 – v3 )? = [pic]A. 5 – 2v6 [pic]B. 5 – v6 [pic]C. 1 – 2v6 [pic]D. 1 – v2 pic]E. 1 8. 230 + 230 + 230 + 230 = [pic]A. 8120 [pic]B. 830 [pic]C. 232 [pic]D. 230 [pic]E. 226 [pic] 9. Amy has to visit towns B and C in any order. The roads connecting these towns with her home are shown on the diagram. How many different routes can she take starting from A and returning to A, going through both B and C (but not more than once through each) and not travelling any road twice on the same trip? [pic]A. 10 [pic]B. 8 [pic]C. 6 [pic]D. 4 [pic]E. 2 [pic] 10. In the figure above AD = 4, AB = 3 and CD = 9. What is the area of triangle AEC ? [pic]A. 18 [pic]B. 13. 5 [pic]C. 9 [pic]D. 4. 5 [pic]E. 3

Ray Ban Brand Audit

Following this powerful flow and the popularity reached with the Aviator, during the following years they Introduced In the market new versions of the classic model (this mime for shooting sports) with the â€Å"sweat bar†, and gradient lenses. Secondly, talking about lifestyle and cool, they introduced in 1952 another classic, the â€Å"Ray-Ban Wayfarer†. This model became popular in Hollywood and has been used by a lot of actors in several films (I. E. Blues Brother), getting more and more the â€Å"image† of cool and trendy during these years.Several other models were made, but between ass and ass the company's masterpieces remained the Aviator and Wayfarer. Still nowadays when we think about the brand these are the two first models that come up in our minds. In 1999 the brand has been sold to the Italian Ululation S. P. A for $million. Today Ray-Ban Is an Icon for young and cool people. The line that connects old-school with the present: models never changed and you can still find the high-quality that characterized the company for years and years.Their slogan is now (since 2007) â€Å"Never Hide†, encouraging people to show themselves in the way they are, authentically and without being afraid about external Judgments. History timeline The target-market has been set to focus on people between 18 and 34 years old. A huge gap with a lot of strong competitors. To lead the market today Ray-Ban can position itself referring to its strong key-points: Rich historical story and enduring legacy Design and style considered as â€Å"eternal† 0 products never changed since 1937! Aviator and Wayfarer occupies a unique place in costumer's mind â€Å"Classic is Cool†.Mental map Linked with the company's positioning on the market it is interesting and very important for managers to see what people think about the brand. As said before, an easy and useful way to analyses that is to create a mental map. According to the results of t he survey we made, here our mental map: Core Brand associations Going deeper with our Brand audit, here we have the most common â€Å"famous† association people link with Ray-Ban thinking about the Hollywood World. Brand audit Nowadays, more than in the past, managers are so focused on marketing and brands.All around us there is a huge variety between products and services that are almost the same and in the majority of the cases customers are driven towards a specific product. Instead we chose another brand Just because of a good marketing campaign and because of the brand. The power of brand is so way stronger than what we actually think. According to the literature (Keller, 2013) for that reason companies are studying brand and spending lot of money in marketing. Talking about accounting, if managers have to analyses ROI (return on investment) on the first hand, on the second one now they also have ROOM (return of marketing investment).As said before brands are strictly co nnected within costumers and the market where the company is working in. But in which way managers can analyses the overall situation to understand what they have to do to be more effective and profitable? They have to focus first of all on a Brand audit. According to the literature (Chipper, 2010) and following the definition used in accounting, an audit is â€Å"a systematic inspection by an outside accounting company including analyses, tests, sec.Even (Keller 2013), we can define a Marketing Audit as â€Å"a comprehensive, systematic, independent and periodic examination of a company, regarding strategies, objectives, marketing environment problems and opportunities that can guarantee the company to come up with a plan of action able to boost company's performance†. Brand Audit is necessary to understand where companies' brand stands and what is the value perceived by costumers. When analyzing we have some steps to follow. On the first hand, Internal Factors that are her e again sub-divided into three-step procedure.From the bottom to the top we have here fixing goals and scope, then the data collection and the final step with the report and analysis on what studied. On the second hand External Factors, these are more linked with costumers and the ways on how to improve brand equity. Mixing up internal and external factors managers can understand the firm's perspective and the costumers' one (so what the company think about the brand and what actually costumers think about it when they see it). These two perspectives should match up.In the table below you can see some of the most important elements from internal and external factors. Internal Positioning Brand Values Brand promise Voice Services linked with the product External Corporate identity Advertising Social Media Sponsor/member-ships Perceived health of the brand (Mildness. Com, â€Å"Brand audit†, Rob Williams, 3110112013) According to the literature (Keller, 2013), following these t wo aspects managers can come up with two necessary elements they have to analyses: Brand Inventory: analyzing how products and services offered by the company are earned and marketed.The brand can in that way be catalogued with its defined profile. As well as you analyses your brand managers have to do the same with competitors. Profiling competitive brands is necessary to comprehend differences or common pints. Goal is to analyses costumers and reach detailed information about what they actually think regarding the brand. According to the literature (Keller, 2013), two important outcomes can help marketing managers to analyses the brand are Mental maps and Core Brand Associations.Using mental maps asking costumers â€Å"When you think about that brand what comes up? You can understand what people think about your brand and what are the main points that are associated to it. Talking about Core Brand Associations, those are all the abstract associations costumers can give to the bra nd (I. E. When you think about Nikkei you think about Tiger Woods. And if some top athletes use the brand you probably link that brand with quality and reliability). When making a brand audit, another important aspect to analyses is the brand positioning.Where and in which way we want to show the brand, the target-market we want to reach. And of course the company's hypothetical positioning has to match p with costumers' brand perception. Linked with positioning is the Brand Portfolio. Here all the sub-family brands of the company are included, specifying the target- market where they are in and which product they serve. The brand portfolio must be clear and well defined, because costumers cannot be confused when they have to choose a product from the same company.In that case centralization problems can be reached really easily. Power grid Brand attributes Before digging deeper into the Brand attributes of Ray Ban, we should be clear about the definition of Brand attributes. In gen eral the brand attributes are the responses by a consumer to a brand (De Cornerstone & McDonald, 1998). Those responses depend according to Keller (1993) on their favorable or unfavorable knowledge about the brand, which results from their level of awareness and the image they have about the brand. These two core components are the heart of any brand attributes.Brand awareness is the consumers' ability to identify the brand with a specific product category (De Cornerstone & McDonald, 1998). Brand awareness is most commonly measured trough the following ways: Brand recognition- the consumer's recognize the following brand? Brand recall- The ability of the consumer to think of the brand when only been given the product category. ‘What brand comes first to your mind when thinking of sunglasses? Brand dominance- identifies the most important brand of one product category in the consumers mind. ‘When purchasing your next pair of sunglasses, which brand would you go for?Brand knowledge- this identifies how the values that are linked with a particular brand are perceived by the consumer. ‘Do you believe that the lenses of Ray Ban sunglasses offer you a full protection of your eyes? The second core component is the brand image. There are many different definitions on this term; Kettle (Kettle , 1988)describes it† as the set of beliefs held about a particular brand† or â€Å"a set of associations, usually organized in some meaningful way' (Shaker, 1992) A brand image can be seen as a unique collection of attributes that are connected to a brand in the mind of a consumer.The image can be influenced by many different factors such as, word-of-mouth, marketing or communication campaigns, slogan, logo or the packaging of the product. All of those factors should be taken into account by the management team of a firm and ruefully chosen to avoid a misunderstanding of the consumer by any chance. In this part we want to go deeper into the brand at tributes that are connected with Ray Ban in the mind of the consumers. We did not want to use second-hand research about this topic because the sources were not very reliable, that we could find on the internet.Because of this we decided to include one question into our survey that will tell us more about the attributes. We asked the participants of the questionnaire to write down what first comes to their minds when thinking of Ray Ban. In the following we would like to show the most common answers in bullet points: Figure The â€Å"N† of 34 participants is caused by the fact that not all people that took part in the survey filled out this question. The other answers that were given in the survey can be found in the appendix of this paper.As we can see from the results, two of the most names attributes are actual products of Ray Ban, the Aviator and the Wayfarer. This can be seen as a huge advantage for the firm, because also the overall attributes named by the participants of our survey were positive. Brand portfolio Before taking a closer look at Ray Bans brand portfolio it is important to understand hat a brand portfolio is in general, what it is used for and take a look at the main advantages and disadvantages of this tool.Keller(2012) define the brand portfolio as the set of different brands that a particular firm offers for sale to buyers in a particular category. The portfolio is a part of the brand architecture, that provides general guidelines about its branding strategy and which brand elements to apply across all the different products. There are many different opinions on the number of brands that should be included in the portfolio. According to Seafarer(1994) a large ND enjoy synergies in the development and sharing of specialized brand management capabilities, such as brand equity tracking, market research and media buying.Seeker and Cravings(1990) state that it enables the firm to build greater market share by better satisfying heteroge neous customer needs. On the other hand there are authors that recommend Just the opposite; to keep the number of brands rather small to assure the manageability. A larger number of brands could be inefficient because they lower manufacturing and distribution economies (Finked, Hogan, Knudsen, & T ¶random, 1997). Overall it can be said that the size of the brand oratorio differs within the different industry. The firms should continuously analyses their portfolio and revise if necessary.The main advantage of having and using a brand portfolio is clear to see, it gives the managers a clear structured overview about the firms current brand situation and can be and useful tool when making brand regarding decision I. E. Launch of a new brand or product line extension. The only disadvantage is that a good brand portfolio can be quite time and cost consuming when first set up and regularly updated. After we now know what a Brand portfolio is let us take a closer look on the case of Ray Ban. Ray Ban offers four major products to the customers, Aviator, Schoolmaster, Jackie Ooh and the Wayfarer which then come in different designs.The Aviator line typically has dark and reflexive lenses and the characteristic very thin metal frame with a double or triple bridge. This model was the first models invented by Abash& Lomb, the inventor company of Ray Ban, and branded as a Ray Ban. (www. Arabian. Com). In 1956 Ray Ban expended their product portfolio with the Wayfarer line. The new plastic design of the glasses frame was revolutionary at that time. The wayfarers had their highest point of popularity in the asses and asses and hen slowly faded away. A big re-launch and a new marketing campaign brought them back to the surface in the asses.Since that time the sales have been constantly increasing. The third style of the ray ban is the so called Schoolmaster. It was brought on the marked in the late asses and was already a retro style at that time. It became especially very famous in the Jazz scene in these days, due to the fact that it was worn by many of the musicians. Nowadays the Schoolmaster has its largest number of followers in the hipster scene, where it is considered as a trendy-retro style. All of the three models come in designs for men, women and unisex.But there is also one model in the portfolio that is exclusively made for women, the so called Jackie Ooh. They are a bold, distinct, modernized version of the classic feminine shape that will, according to ray Ban, bring lots of real estate to the face. (www. Arabian. Com) Brand Elements According to Kevin Keller on his book strategic Brand Management† Brand elements or brand identities can be all those things that serve to identify and differentiate the brand. It can be the brand name, logo, package, etc. These things play a big role of building the brand awareness and make brand differentiation. Eye see a particular brand elements without anything else related to product, also brand elements are very important for building the brand equity. By looking on our brand Ray Ban, we can notes and analyze six different elements for it as the following: Name: The name of the brand which is Ray Ban† is one of the most important element of the brand, this name has a good impact on the customer feeling. By looking at the name we can see that the name is real and easy to say that people use these words often, also easy to remember.In addition this name meaningful that the meaning of it is to protect and prevent people eyes from sun says. Furthermore it's easy to translate this name to other languages to get the meaning of it if that's necessary some time. URL: The URL is the domain names for the brand which is located on the web. Ray ban official web domain name s www. Ray-ban. Com this domain is really clear and easy to memorize because it's linked directly to the brand name. In addition Ray ban give the ability for customer to add on the domain name the country nam e which make the website open in the country language.Logos: The logo of the brand is the virtual element which has the picture inside customer mind. For Ray Ban we can see that it has three logos with colors of red and white or black and white but in all of them we can Just see the name of the brand written in special way without have any pictures which has a benefit of shown the name of the brand everywhere that make people memorize and remember the brand all the time. Also the logo with Just name without pictures prevent the company in future if another company come an use a similar picture.Slogan: The brand slogan is a short phrase that communicates persuasive massage about the brand especially in advertising, which can play an important role of alluding the brand awareness and in marketing programs. Ray Ban has different slogan which change from time to time, in the past they used be cool† or ‘Style needs no introduction† and now they use Never hide†. Th ese different slogans have in general the same massage but in different way which is this brand make you that person who is stylish and want to show off.We can also see the power of Ray Ban Company which all the time update his slogan depending on the market and which encourage people. Jingles: Jingle is the special music for the brand which when people listened to this music it linked them with the brand. Although Jingle has a benefit of build the brand awareness and make customer remember the brand but Ray Ban doesn't have a Jingle, they use a classic music in advertising which still has the benefit of have a different kind of music to cover the different kind of customers.Packaging: Packaging is the activities of designing and producing containers or wrappers of a product. Like other elements, packaging plays a role of building the brand awareness and gives the brand a specialty. Ray Ban has one package design for sun glasses with different colors, which has the advantage of buil d one package mage inside customer mind and makes them link this design with Ray ban. At the end all of these elements work together to build the brand awareness and the brand equity by delivering the same massage with the same ton of voice.Which all these elements talk with informal way because the big group of target market is young people, also they have the massage of giving the people who has a Ray Ban Competitor analyses Key competitors In the following we would like to take a closer look at the key competitors of Ray Ban. In order to survive in a market you have to know your competitors, as good as Seibel. A key competitor can be any person or business in the same industry, or a similar industry, which offers a similar product or service.If there are one or more competitors on the market that can lead to reduce in the price of the offered goods or services. Competition also leads to the fact that the companies have to become more efficient in order to lower their costs, and s till be able to compete in the future. Going by that definition almost every brand on the sunglass market could be seen as a competitor to Ray Ban, that is why we focused on brands which can be found also thin the same price and style segment and share a similar target group. Person Person is an Italian luxury aware company that is focused on sunglasses.Formed in 1917 they have a long tradition in producing glasses. Person aware was originally created for pilots and sports driver, which gives the company a strong advantage since they were focused on high quality and durable products right from the start. Especially for Ray Ban ‘s â€Å"Wayfarer† series, Person is a strong competitor with its Vintage Celebration† series. These glasses are very similar in terms of style and quality. Dolce & Cabana Aware The firm Dolce and Cabana was founded in 1985 in Italy by Domenici Dolce Stefan Cabana.The firm started out by offering a women's line with the whole range of clothi ng products and accessories. In 1990 they presented their first male line which increased their market share dramatically. The brand stands for luxury and timeless designs and they offer styles for every occasion. They launched their first aware collection, including glasses and sunglasses, in 1992, which was a huge success right from the beginning. Their designs are modern and ever fashionable but also include classic pieces. Oakley The Oakley Inc. An American based manufacturer for sports equipment and sunglasses that was founded in 1975. Their main advantage is that they use actual athletes to test their prototypes and work together with them to assure high customer satisfaction on the actual product. Almost all of their glasses have a very athletic look and most of the styles are very pricey. Their main and advertisement is done by sponsoring international sport any kind and the United States Olympic Team. Maim Jim communication events of Maim Jim is an American based manufactur er for high- end sunglasses.That was brings them pretty close to Ray Bans products. Most of their advertisement campaigns feature oceanic and sporty themes. Maim Jim appeals to an older demographic target group and goes more towards high quality then the up. To date fashion. This brings them in terms of their very close to the Ray Bans. Positioning map sports glasses designs The following map places the different brand by two major aspects their price and their design. The price can be found on the x-axis, which goes from affordable to expensive.The main problem is to define the term â€Å"expensive†. From which point on are sunglasses expensive and when are they still affordable. For this case we used a detent point of view on the pricing. On the ordinate of the map you can find the design factor of the sunglasses, the scale goes from classic to contemporary. If taken a look at the positioning map above, it's clear to see why we have identified these brands as the key compet itors for Ray Ban. They are all going for a similar target group, and market their products in the upper end price range.The sunglasses of Person, Dolce& Cabana and Oakley are manufactured by Ululation, Just like Ray Ban. Here lays the main obstacle, in keeping these brand, that seem so related clearly separated from each other to avoid cannibalism. Rent strategy Ray Ban currently uses an effective and clever marketing strategy to reach a lot of people worldwide. They make use of the internet through viral marketing and guerilla marketing. Guerilla marketing heavily relies on imagination and energy instead of big budgets or other expensive methods.Guerilla marketing makes a big impression over traditional media and has the possibility to achieve impressive recall numbers Just by interacting with consumers on a personal level (Elevation, 1984). We think that the usage of guerilla marketing is extremely beneficial for Ray Ban since it ill enhance its brand perception, has financial be nefits and increases the interaction with potential customers as well as enables the power of worth of mouth. On the contrary, making use of this somewhat reckless strategy could also result into misconception. It can be seen as offensive and hostile.On top of that there is no real method of measuring the return on investment of guerilla marketing. For Ray Ban it is not all about the entire brand message. They communicate it mostly in printed or television advertisements. These adds are not telling how cool sunglasses are, or how extremely resilient those of ray ban are. What they do try to tell you is that owning a pair of ray bans is cool and will boost your image. Another thing that Ray Ban consistently does is their communication. This is implemented in both their offline as well as their online campaigns.By combining multiple media channels and consistently communicating one message but in different ways they make sure that description: Age: Prominently people in the age group of 22-40. Generation X and Y (the young and middle aged) Income: Family income greater than average. Education: Well educated, graduate or post graduates. Occupation: Working professionals or students. Product placement The 1983 comedy Risky Business is both the movie that launched Tom Cruiser's career and the movie that saved Ray-Sans Wayfarer sunglasses from extinction.Cruise plays Joel, a suburban high school student whose parents go out of town for the weekend, leaving him free to dance around the house in his underwear. His character wears Ray-Sans Wayfarer sunglasses, which became so popular as a result that 360,000 pairs were sold that year. This is a perfect example of how Ray Ban nowadays makes use of movies for their product placement strategy. This film was just one of the many that followed up on the success of combining sunglasses with celebrity endorsement in movies.The sudden rise in popularity of their model the â€Å"wayfarer† happened since Ray Ban and the m ovie Twilight made an agreement that their cast would wear them in the movie against an incredible price. This resulted in a massive increase of sales since a lot of people wanted to be as cool as the characters in the movie. Pricing The price strategy of ray ban can be categorized as â€Å"price skimming†. This is a concept where the firm starts with asking a high price for their product, because here is a clear demand and customers are sure to pay the price (Investigated. Mom). After a while the demand of the initial target customers will be satisfied, the firm will lower the initial asking price once this happens. This is in order to attract and persuade more people to buy the â€Å"old model†. With this they try to aim for a more price sensitive segment. The skimming strategy received its name from skimming layers of cream, as prices are lowered over time. SOOT analysts Survey The survey for this assignment was done by Google Drive and the final results were

Critical Case Study Exploration Using Gibbs Model Essay

Critical Case Study Exploration Using Gibbs Model - Essay Example She also appeared to lack confidence in her nursing skills and had difficulties in relating theory to practice. Stage II Nursing skills are developed over time using education as a sound base along with the number of rich experiences (Dracup, 2004). Dreyfus had described the five stages that a nurse travelled through in her service: â€Å"novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert† (Dracup, 2004). Mentoring has been accepted as a sound method to facilitate the growth of a nurse in her journey from novice to expert. Mentoring has been defined as a relationship in which a more experienced person acts as an advisor for someone less experienced to assist his or her personal growth and development (ODEOPE 1999). The mentor ensures that her life experiences and knowledge are passed onto her mentee. The support motivates and enhances her career (Heartfield and Gibson, 2005). Mentors are competent people who are approachable and reasonable by nature apart from their ardent commitment to their wards. Heartfield and Gibson have identified four themes in relationship to nurse mentoring in general practice (2005). The mentor has to be qualified and experienced to choose the role of mentoring. The mentor and mentee must be accommodative to new relationships with cordiality. The mentee must be receptive to different mentors at different stages of her nursing journey. The infrastructure needs to promote equity in practice and provide workplace relief. Sound practice must be within ethical standards. Education must be a continuing process. The workplace must be flexible and conducive to professional development (Heartfield and Gibson, 2005). Technology support has to be available. Mentoring programs allowed the sharing of knowledge, skills and values one had with a less experienced novice nurse (NLN, 2006). The mentor passed on a legacy or gift to the mentee. The nursing profession was strengthened and patient care was improved through this sharing men tality (Henk, 2005). A successful partnership was trust-based and each would be spending time and energy to allow it to grow. Soon the mentor became a role-model (Kuhl, 2005). Literature however did not provide sufficient evaluation of mentoring programs. Future research has to focus on adequate evaluation of programs with appropriate variables. Cognitive and metacognitive skills needed to be developed for the appropriate clinical reasoning skill (Kuiper and Pesut, 2004). Self-regulated learning required these skills for reflective practice. An exhaustive survey of literature has found that reflective clinical reasoning depended on the acquiring of these skills (Kuiper and Pesut, 2004). The finding was that attention had to be provided to critical thinking and also to development of the metacognitive and cognitive skills for self-regulated reflective practice. Both were closely interlinked. Future studies needed to focus on considering these separate mechanisms, which supported teac hing and learning, together. Reflection if done purposefully was related to the adult learning theory (Cirocco, 2007). Issues could be understood with depth leading to the development of judgement and nursing skill. The critical thinking ability of nurses was examined by the College of Nurses of Ontario using a newly developed tool. All the 34 respondents were practicing reflection and 24 were using the new tool of which 19 claimed improvement. The limitation was that clear definitions of critical

Orporate law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Orporate law - Essay Example This software is directly connected to ASIC. However if a person doesn't wish to engage in this and instead wishes to contact ASIC directly, they will need to do the following: Once the same is selected, it needs to be reserved with ASIC. This is done by completing 'Form 410' that is meant for this purpose. Once the form is completed, ASIC would reserve the name for a period of two months. Names are not indefinitely reserved and extension can be requested. Reserving a name is important because once you have decided on a name and you do not want anyone to use it and there is still some time before you can register the firm then ASIC protects your name for the period. e) The Banned and Disqualified Registers contains information about persons who have been disallowed by the government to engage in the management of a company. Some of them are banned from participating in the financial services industry completely. The registers would contain information such as person's full name, his address, the date when banning order was passed and the date when it would end. These registers are divided into four categories namely: This register contains information only about persons who have been disqualified from managing a corporation under the Corporations Act. The notices about such persons are sent to the ASIC and their names are then added to the register. However it must be carefully noted that there are other persons who are not allowed to manage a corporate because they are bankrupt or have a criminal record. The notices may not reach ASIC in these cases and thus their names do not appear on the list. Banned Securities Representatives Register This registers contains names of pre-AFS licensees. The people who hold these licenses act as authorized representatives of licensed advisers. In the case the adviser or a representative is prohibited by the ASIC for giving advice, their names will appear in this register. These people are also part of the Banned and Disqualified register but their names may not be duplicated there. Banned Futures Representatives Register: The people on this register are those who have the pre-AFS license but are not allowed to practice as advisors in future. AFS Banned/Disqualified Persons Register Any person who works in the financial services sectors needs to have AFS license or work as a representative of someone who has this license. These people are authorized dealers and their names can be found on the list of authorized advisors. However under FSR legislation, which commenced on 11 March 2002, there are

Compartive Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Compartive - Essay Example But they needed the state to maintain peace and order, provide them with essential services, and settle their quarrels and conflicts. Thus, in a social contract to which they voluntarily consented, they created the state for the purpose of promoting and preserving their natural rights to life, liberty and property. Hobbes’ social contract was not really a special contract, since there was no contract or covenant between the ruler and the subjects. The sovereign had no obligations to his subjects nor could they limit his exercise of absolute power. It was John Locke who painted a picture of liberty of citizens and authority of government in tones which were far moderate than that of Thomas Hobbes. Men in a state of nature could make use of their perfect freedom for their own good, since they were reasonable men. To John Locke, men did not abuse their Liberty. They did not threaten the lives of their neighbors. He wrote: Though this is a state of liberty, yet it is not a state of license†¦. The state of nature of nature has a law of nature to govern it, which obliges everyone; and reason, which is that law that teaches all mankind who will but consult it, that being all equal and independent; no one has a right to harm another in his life, health, liberty of possessions. 1 Locke’s social contract favored men quitting the state of nature to form themselves into a civil society. In this society men instituted the state where a social contract or covenant was formulated between citizens and government, a trustee which they could dismiss if it did not maintain the freedom and equality that men originally knew and enjoyed. In other words, when government no longer served the citizens’ interests and welfare, it might be resisted or overthrown. Why, because government had violated its obligations under the social contract to the extent that it had broken it. What were these obligations? The government as trustee had to protect and

Strategic Issues Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Strategic Issues Paper - Essay Example The Aerospace and Defense Industry is also reeling under the pressure of rising fuel prices. This is evident from the fact that the Boeing Aircrafts manufacturing company’s response to the said problem, which pointed at the rise in demand for fuel efficient planes owing to the constant upsurge in global oil prices. Rising fuel consumption and an equally simultaneous rise in fuel prices are a matter of grave concern for the organizations in almost all the sectors of the economy, which are increasingly finding it difficult to cope with such external threats and have been trying to battle these external environmental forces with innovative strategies. The company is over booked with demand for such fuel efficient planes which has far exceeded the supply (Boeing Comments, 2008). Faced by the problem of growing customer concerns about the environmental hazards caused by some of the poisonous substances used in the manufacture of PCs and other similar electronic devises, Dell Computer Electronics, developed and launched its Sustainable Business Development Program, that dealt with such problems, with a promise to contribute towards the cause of greener and cleaner environment and at the same time achieving its overall organizational goals of steady economic development (Dell, 2008) . Several manufacturing companies across the globe, today, are increasingly facing problems from the high rate of penetration of low cost manufacturers from emerging countries especially from India and China. The fact that the cost of production cycle depends largely on the availability of raw materials, as well as, the availability of low cost and cheap labor. These two countries have a talented pool of human resource in abundance which they use to their advantage by producing cost effective and good quality products. The saturation in the Western markets as well as the high cost of labor, is further making things difficult for the western

Eco fueling marketing report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Eco fueling marketing report - Research Paper Example 8 3.4 Technological factors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.......... 8 4.0 Customer Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 9 5.0 Competitor Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 10 6.0 Stakeholder Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..... 11 7.0 Internal and External Analysis (SWOT) 7.1 Strengths†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 11 7.2 Weaknesses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 12 7.3 Opportunities†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 12 7.4 Threats†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦......... 12 8.0 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 13 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 14 1.0 INTRODUCTION The creation of utility, the power of goods and services to satisfy wants or needs, is of utmost importance to a marketer. For a service or product to be considered valuable in the market, it has to benefit customers and offer lucrative returns to a company (Boone and Kurtz, 2009, p. 5). Critical analysis of marketing strategies is required if a company is to attain utility for its products and services. PEST, SWOT, stakeholder, customer and environmental scan analysis must be conducted to appraise current business strategies and formulate recommendations for the establishment of new strategies or improving on current... The creation of utility, the power of goods and services to satisfy wants or needs, is of utmost importance to a marketer. For a service or product to be considered valuable in the market, it has to benefit customers and offer lucrative returns to a company (Boone and Kurtz, 2009, p. 5). Critical analysis of marketing strategies is required if a company is to attain utility for its products and services. PEST, SWOT, stakeholder, customer and environmental scan analysis must be conducted to appraise current business strategies and formulate recommendations for the establishment of new strategies or improving on current ones. E-cofueling, a company based in Brisbane, is the focus of this marketing audit report. The company, which dealing in the development and distribution of ethanol co-fueling of diesel engines, as well as development of viable emission technologies, was established in 2009. Environmental scanning refers to the progressive process of gathering data regarding different phenomena in the market with a view to identify opportunities, as well as threats. As the current market remains active, changes are inevitable, which presents its fair share of threats and opportunities to a company. In order to carry out appropriate environment scans, a marketer must carry out extensive research and gather information pertaining social, technological, competitive, regulatory and economic factors that have a direct impact on market trends.

Challenges and Opportunities in Strategy Implementation Essay - 2

Challenges and Opportunities in Strategy Implementation - Essay Example According to the paper the set plans need to well communicated throughout the organisation to enable all the staff to work together to achieve the company’s expected future results. Both new and existing organizations strive to get the biggest share of customers in the market. To acquire a big market share, organisation conduct different practices and activities to be more appealing and better placed in the market. There needs to be set procedures by the organizations that cover the whole field. An organisation that operates without set plans and procedures stand a chance to overlook other crucial areas needed to be better placed in the market. From this paper it is clear that organizations that set strategies and work towards implementing them are the ones that enjoy a greater market share. Putting set plans to action is one of the most important parts of achieving expected results. The small actions carried out in an organisation on a day to day basis need to be well linked to each other so as to contribute to the expected organizational results. Small daily targets need to be structured to contribute to the strategy of the organisation. Organizations need to be well structured so that all the staff can respect the expected results of the organisation. Communicating the strategies to the staff is crucial to ensure all staff works with a uniform purpose, which is to achieve the expected results of their organisation. For customer retention, organizations need to learn from the market reaction to various processes. Organizations with good strategy implementation plans are better placed to ensure that successful processes are continuously carried out and the non-effective processes are replaced with more productive processes.

The Lottery Essay Example for Free

The Lottery Essay Many traditions passed down through generations have little to no significance in society, most traditions are passed down overtime because certain individuals are afraid of the consequences. In a small village, there is a yearly tradition that randomly selects one individual to be stoned by the entire village. This tradition is known as â€Å"The Lottery.† In â€Å"The Lottery,† Shirley Jackson combines foreshadowing with a comforting tone thus both concealing and revealing the shocking ending. Shirley Jackson’s use of a benevolent tone leaves readers unsuspecting of the ironic ending. As the story begins, the setting is described as â€Å"clear,† â€Å"warm,† and â€Å"sunny.† This entrance immediately creates the relaxing imagery of a beautiful day. As the villagers gather, the children began to â€Å"play.† Their playfulness show they have no inhibitions or worries. The Lottery is organized like the â€Å"square dances,† â€Å"teen club,† and â€Å"the Halloween program† as one of the â€Å"civic activities.† The Lottery is presented as a civic activity for the benefit of the people. It is also called a lottery, where lotteries are generally associated with good luck and fortune. Readers can assume â€Å"The Lottery† is also a sign of good luck and fortune. Jackson’s placement of details sets a positive tone for the story along with a mixture of foreshadowing. Jackson foreshadows the surprising ending. As more families are gathering the men’s â€Å"Jokes were quiet and they smiled rather than laughed.† Their actions reflect that something is on all of their minds, making them uncomfortable. As Mr. Summers begins to set up the box and stool, he asks for help, there was â€Å"hesitation.† This makes the reader question, why would anyone hesitate to help? As Mr. Adams and old man Warner converse, Mr. Adams says that in the â€Å"north village† they are deciding if they should get rid of â€Å"the Lottery. For what reason would they want to give up a tradition that has been continued for many years. The lottery must be in some way unfavorable if the other village considers giving it up. The actions and conversations of villagers begin to show the true nature of the lottery. - Through the combination of foreshadowing and setting a comforting tone,  Shirley Jackson reveals but also conceals the surprising ending. To conceal, Jackson describes settings and uses the idea of a lottery to set a positive tone of the story. But she also places hints like the behavior of the villagers, to foreshadow the true nature of the lottery. Her use of these literary techniques, make the reader wonder and better enjoy the story. -

Good Manners Essay Example for Free

Good Manners Essay Good manners are important because we live in a community. Good manners are the way we make social connections run smoothly. They give us a formula to deal with the unexpected, the awkward and an easy opening and closing ritual to meeting people. They can help us to mask our dislike of another merely by obeying the traditional courtesies of our culture. By treating others with respect and demonstrating good manners, we show that we expect the same respect in return. It is possible to disagree with someone very strongly, but if the argument is conducted with politeness and good manners, both sides come out of the situation well. The dispute might not have been settled to the satisfaction of either, but an agreement to disagree, reached amicably, means the relationship is not lost and further work can be done. There is always the hope that you can convince the other of your ideas in a future discussion. Quite often, long lasting friendships emerge from such well run conflicts because with the good manners comes respect for the person, even if not for the ideas. Human beings are complex, the product of their experiences and circumstances. Basic drives in each is strong and could make individuals self centered unpleasantly. Good manners give us the boundaries to behavior which are acceptable to our society, and these vary with each community, often in subtle ways. The elemental part of good manners is that you do not embarrass another person. It’s a simple as that. With these guidelines we can deal with many unexpected situations with aplomb. Good manners are a protection as well as a way of easing communication. It is much more comfortable to be with those who are polite. The language is more agreeable, the behavior is inclusive and it helps everyone concerned to feel good about themselves. Those who are feeling relaxed, safe and comfortable are more likely to be productive in their enterprises and good company. Even if this is only because they can concentrate on what they are doing. They are not worrying about what other people think of them or having to remembering that they are in a feud and are ‘not speaking’ to certain people. All that takes energy and is a waste of time as well. While it is possible to be very rude to someone else with subtly, within a framework of good manners, this is not the aim of the rules by which communities abide. It is also rather pointless, but it happens. Simply, good manners are important because they ease communication between people.

The Body And Effects From Massage Physical Education Essay

The Body And Effects From Massage Physical Education Essay Massage and joint movement increases blood supply to bones, this helps nutrition to flow, feeding growing bones. The increased blood flow helps get rid of waste matter. Massage improves posture.  Brings good body tone and balance, reducing stress on joints and bones.  Posture will improve when the muscles are relaxed and lengthened. Poor posture impacts on the other systems of the body. For example sitting slouched with drooped shoulders and tight pectorals in a slumped posture will stop the lungs from fully expanding. Massage can improve mobility.  If a person had stiffness and restricted mobility within their joints, massaging with passive movements can ease the joints improving their range of movement. This is caused by the warming up of the synovial fluid within the joint making it more fluid. Movement causes a release of fresh synovial fluid into the joint, lubricating a dry joint. A dry joint will cause friction and pain. Also any thickening of the connective tissue may b e reduced helping to release restrictions in the joint. It helps to loosen adhesions, improve scar tissue and reduce inflammation, helping to improve mobility to stiff joints. Massage reduces physical stress placed on bones and joints which improves muscle tone and balance.   Due to increased lymphatic and blood flow stimulated by massage red blood cells are released from bone marrow, which improves overall health and energy as they carry oxygen through the body. Muscular System There are three types of muscle in the body. Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles that work with the connective tissues to allow movement in the body. When we want to move our brain sends impulses to the muscles to make them move. Cardiac muscles form most of the hearts wall. They are called the myocardium and are involuntary muscles. They contract to make our heartbeat. Visceral muscles are also involuntary. These muscles are smooth and form the walls of the viscera. Visceral muscles are those that help move food along in the digestive tract, veins and arteries as well as the tubular structures of the urinary tract. Massage increases the supply of blood and nutrients to muscles, restores tone and strength to muscles. It helps get rid of muscle adhesions due to illness or injury. It increases flexibility and strength in joints. Due to overuse muscles can stay contracted causing imbalance in the body. Tight muscles can constrict blood flow and will pull posture out of alignment. These problems can be corrected through massage by stretching and relaxing the muscle we increase flexability and encourage the muscle to return to its original length. When muscles work, they burn oxygen and glucose and produce lactic acid. A build up of lactic acid in the muscles will cause cramps and muscle soreness. Massage will remove the lactic acid and other waste products from the muscles relieving pain from that area. It will help reduce the formation of adhesions that occur due to overuse and general wear and tear, microscopic tears occur in the muscle fibres. If not treated these will be replaced by inelastic, s car tissue. We can adapt our massage moves to work into muscles to reduce their formation. Massage will improve muscle tone.  Ã‚  Healthy muscles constantly contract and relax. Massage can improve the tone of the muscles of the inactive, bed ridden or paralyzed as they will have poor or no muscle tone. Massage relieves muscle cramps, increases flexibility and tone, reduce waste products within the muscle. Massaging the muscle with care during a cramp can help to reduce the duration of it. Effects on the Cardiovascular System Massage can improve circulation by assisting the flow of blood back to the heart. It helps dilate blood vessels helping them to work better. It improves blood flow through the veins by bringing fresh oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and removing waste products, toxins and carbon dioxide. It can temporarily lower blood pressure, due to dilation of capillaries. It can decrease the heart rate due to relaxation. It helps to reduce ischaemia which is a reduced in flow of blood to body parts, often painful with tissue dysfunction. It improves the return of blood in the veins.  Ã‚  Blood has to continually works hard against gravity to return from feet back to the heart. We massage towards the heart to help the return of blood through the veins. (blood carried in the veins).  Massaging lowers blood pressure and has two positive effects on blood pressure, it will help the client relax and their heart rate decreases. Blood pressure is the pressure put on the artery wall each time blood passes through the artery. Massage slows the heart with fewer beats per minute reducing blood pressure. Respiratory System The respiratory system is comprised of the lungs and the passages that lead to and from them. This system begins at the nostrils and end at the lungs. It is in the lungs that oxygen from the outside meets the blood via the thin tissues in the lungs. Massage deepens breathing improving lung capacity by relaxing any tightness in the respiratory muscles. Massage on the body encourages deep breathing which increases lung capacity and increases our ability to take in more air. It improves breathing patterns, helping us to relax. Through deeper breathing we help to eliminate carbon dioxide, allowing increased oxygen to all body tissues. Massage can have soothing effects and aids in relief of many, long-term respiratory disease, such as asthma and bronchitis. On long term conditions like cystic fibrosis daily massage plays a vital role as it dislodges and expels mucus from the body keeping the airways clear. Breathing is slowed down as there is reduced stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system.  Ã‚  When people are stressed they breathe rapidly and shallowly, not inhaling enough oxygen and not exhaling enough carbon dioxide. This means our blood is being deprived of oxygen to take throughout our body. Massage stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system which slows and deepens breathing. Massage improves posture which will also make breathing deeper. Massage stimulates the intercostal muscles which are attached to the ribs when contracted these muscles pull on the ribs, which expand the lungs to cause inspiration, improving the condition and tone of these muscles. Massage improves the exchange of gases in the body.  Throughout the body, there is an exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide. This will be stimulated by massage. Effects on the Lymphatic System Excess fluid in the tissue is reduced during massage by increased lymphatic drainage and removal of waste from the system. Regular massage will increase white blood cells which may help to strengthen the immune system. In massage we drain lymph from the cells to the lymph nodes, this improves the circulation of lymph and the removal of toxins from the cells. Effects on the Urinary System The urinary system is mainly comprised of the kidneys, bladder and the urethra. It filters out toxins and certain waste products that the blood has taken from the cells. Massaging the kidneys can cleanse the blood and strengthens the urinary system. It speeds up the production of waste through the lungs, skin, blood and bowels. Due to increased circulation and lymph drainage from the tissues during massage we produce more urine that usual. Conclusion Massaging the body has a knock-on effect throughout all the systems of the body, bringing balance to the body, where it can repair and renew within the systems. Massage effects the body through manipulation of soft tissues with pressure and movement resulting in mechanical responses throughout the body. The nerves responding to stimulation causing reflex responses. By relaxing both body and mind, reducing anxiety/stress and making a person feel better, boosts self-esteem, positive thinking and improves body image and awareness leading to the client taking better care of their general health. There are different types of massage and these can be adapted to suit the specific needs of a persons health or well being. It can benefit all age groups and is now available in most beauty salons at a reasonable price.

The people’s opinion is directly pointing at well-known person Arthur :: Free Essay Writer

The people’s opinion is directly pointing at well-known person Arthur Radley, who is known as Boo Radley. Is it safe to have a â€Å"malevolent phantom† in Maycomb town? Many people’s opinions prove that having â€Å"Boo Radley† in our town is dangerous. Pragnesh Patel Staff reporter. According to Maycomb town’s citizens’ opinions it has been concluded that everybody should be aware of the other people living in their own town who can be â€Å"dangerous† for all. Its been heard that Boo is responsible for small-big crimes in town. Till now we haven’t noticed any major problem, but there are some possibilities about it. The people’s opinion is directly pointing at well-known person Arthur Radley, who is known as â€Å"Boo Radley†. From last 30 years no one has ever saw Arthur Radley in day, but there are some charges against him of creating disturbance at night. â€Å"Boo is a peeping Tom who sneaks out of his house and spies in people’s windows†, says Miss Stephanie Crawford. She also says that once she wake up in the middle of night and saw him staring at her through his window. Not so long ago when our town was terrorized by a series of morbid nocturnal events every person in town doubted on Radley’s for this events. Not only senior and adult people are known about Boo’s work, but even children are known and as well are afraid of this malevolent phantom. The children from school are afraid to eat nuts of Boo Radley’s house because they think that it might be poisonous. The other events that make Radley Boo dangerous are kind of familiar to us. About 30 years ago Boo locked Maycomb's beadle in an outhouse and drove an old car through the town square with his â€Å"gang†.

Voice of Houstons Past :: essays papers

Voice of Houstons Past For most of American history, African-Americans have been considered and treated as inferiors. Their folksongs and tales have been benignly looked upon as harmless, meaningless expressions of a dull-witted race whose only contribution to American life was a strong back and a weak mind. Even after the Civil War, the ingrown prejudices continued to relegate the freedmen to the bottom rung of a strict caste ladder. Their folklore was repeatedly ignored or belittled. Only since the coming of black awareness, pioneered by men like W. Dubois and Frederick Douglas, has the African American community realized that their culture is uniquely American and singularly important to the understanding and establishment of the American cultural and artistic scene. It is one of the few elements of their heritage that they can look back on and recognize as valuable in America's development. This is the essence of the black folksongs, stories, and art; they fill a void and force recognition of the African American contribution. These superstitions and folklore from the past demonstrate the influences wielded upon African Americans of today, as well as pave the way for a new form of folklore, which is told through art. In order to effectively illustrate the progression and correlation of early African American folklore and the emergence of a new breed of artist, a specific group of artist all utilizing the same type of art form will be discussed. Therefore, the focus of this paper will be on recent African American artist in Houston, Texas; all of whom utilize place-specific art to convey their images and messages. Before discussing the current art movement, it is vital to understand the history of the superstitions and folklore which are the inspiration for Houston's place-specific art. A Brief History of African American Superstition and Folklore Since their arrival on American soil, African Americans have contributed to our collective culture. Their songs, poems, stories, spirituals, and proverbs, while at times reinforcing the white theory of supremacy, gave them a foundation of identity that was passed from generation to generation. The ghost stories and superstitions are probably the best known examples of early black culture. This is because white men used them as a means to prove the black's innate inferiority to whites. They ignored the obvious fact; all cultures posses similar superstitions, even their own. The problem in collecting and evaluating black folklore is the misinterpretation and lack of understanding of early black dialects. "We must read the transcriptions with some care and occasionally wonder what the white man did when they were confronted by sounds strange to their ears; some tried to transcribe the actual sound, but others, assuming

Race Relations Essay

Humanity has been enduring an ongoing battle for centuries: the strained relations among the races. Despite efforts to put the past behind, signs remain at nearly every juncture that there still exists a strong sense of racial dissension. While many Caucasians do not see the problem being as severe as it is represented, African-Americans angrily reply that the lighter skinned race has not had to endure such prejudice and, therefore, cannot begin to identify with the situation. Frank Newport, vice president of the Gallup Poll Organization, says Caucasian Americans do not interpret racism as a big problem, therefore, they do not see a need for â€Å"government intervention† (Anonymous, 1997; 04A). Similarly, Asians, Hispanics and other United States minorities believe they often receive unfair treatment because of their race. However, President Clinton and several organizations — including the National Multicultural Institute, whose main focus is to â€Å"sort out the jumble of expectations and fears that swirl around the initiative’s struggle to reconcile ethnicity and difference with the notion of one American nation† (Green, 1998; PG) — are pushing hard to mend racial tension with a comprehensive program that is designed to bring all races together. Will it work? Or will minorities look upon the effort as nothing more than a Band-Aid covering a much larger issue? To some extent, concepts such as affirmative action have their place in society, yet they will do nothing to alter an individual’s perception of one race or another. In the past, children’s racial viewpoints have routinely been shaped by their parents’ perceptions. This is precisely how racial prejudice is passed down from generation to generation. However, today’s teens appear to be breaking free of the antiquated procession by voicing their own opinions about race relations. While racial hate crimes continue to run rampant, the newer generation tends to believe there is less interracial tension than do their parents (Farley, 1997). What has instigated this considerably lax attitude among the younger generation is not quite clear; yet a TIME/CNN poll has discovered that the adolescent population is far more forgiving of racial prejudices than their adult counterparts. Of twelve hundred, eighty-two adults and six hundred one teenagers aged twelve to seventeen; the younger sect demonstrated a considerable amount of racial tolerance toward one another when compared with the older respondents (Farley, 1997). If given the opportunity, children and young adults will not adopt negative views of other races if they are not placed in such an environment that encourages such thought. However, with the deep-seated hatred that has been bred into so many generations, it has become difficult for some of those prejudice intentions not to trickle down the family line. Yet the TIME/CNN poll was instrumental in establishing that a good number of adolescence of all races have successfully â€Å"moved beyond their parents’ views of race† (Farley, 1997; 88+). To the kids with such an open mind, race is no more important to them in either a social or personal level; yet it is not to be overlooked that these same respondents were still able to recognize the fact that racism was one of America’s biggest problems today. Even so, over one-third said the problem — though it exists — is insignificant (Farley, 1997; 88+). As it relates to their own lives, eighty-nine percent of the African-American adolescents who responded said the problem was small or did not exist at all. Amazingly, the Caucasian respondents – both young and old — considered racism a more â€Å"dominant issue† (Farley, 1997; 88+) than did the African-American adolescent respondents. What does that say about the varying impressions of race relations? Depending upon which race is viewing the issue, it appears the seriousness of the problem could be considerably damaging or an insignificant obstacle. Still, optimism is high that the younger generation deems race relations as being in good standing. This may be a â€Å"sign of hope† (Farley, 1997; 88+) or nothing more than â€Å"youthful naivete† (88+); regardless, it demonstrates a long awaited shift in the social climate relating to race relations and its consequences. Sociologist Joe R. Feagin says the answer may lie with both options. His interpretation of the lack of adolescent racism is that reality has not fully set in for those who have not yet experienced the real world. â€Å"You have to be out looking for jobs and housing to know how much discrimination is out there† (Farley, 1997; 88+). Feagin contends that those who have a better grasp of racial reality are those who are over the age of nineteen. Reasoning behind this is that comparatively few African-American teenage respondents said they had been victimized by discrimination; contrarily, half of the African-American adults admitted they had (Farley, 1997). Experts are concerned that adolescents are being too gullible when it comes to realizing the truth of the matter. Others contend that perhaps they are willfully setting a precedence for others to follow that will ultimately initiate a genuine improvement in race relations. It is not as though contemporary teenagers do not have knowledge of history and its negative treatment of minority races; rather, it appears they have more faith in their own future than their parents did before them. Additionally, today’s youth are trying to move away from the typical â€Å"scapegoating† (Farley, 1997; 88+) that has become so commonplace in society. Suspicions arise with poll results, however, in that they do not always reflect the truth; many people are more apt to give â€Å"socially acceptable† (Farley, 1997; 88+) answers rather than what is truly in their hearts. Yet this is not likely to be the contention of teenagers who, for the most part, speak more freely and true to form than adults. A believer in this concept is sociologist Howard Pinderhuges, author of Race in the Hood: Conflict and Violence Among Urban Youth, who firmly contends that teenagers are genuine. â€Å"Teenagers are a mirror of our souls. They speak plainly about things that adults would like to hide. Political correctness isn’t an issue to them. You’re more likely to get what they think unfiltered† (Farley, 1997; 88+). Still, through all this optimism, there exists an invisible boundary line that, even though race relations seem to be improving, keeps the races separated. Seventeen-year-old Danny, one of the TIME/CNN respondents, commented that his friends consisted more of African-Americans than Caucasians. This, in and of itself, was not as enlightening as was his admission of the fact that â€Å"we just talk in school† (Farley, 1997; 88+), not allowing the relationship to progress into one’s personal territory. It was a normal occurrence for none of Danny’s African-American friends to visit him at home or for him to go to theirs; the lines of separation were clearly drawn. Experts consider this to be accountable in large part to the amount of violence that takes place in the â€Å"crime-plagued housing projects† (Farley, 1997; 88+) where many of his friends live. The situation is far from unusual. Even among African-American youths, the interpretation of neighborhood safety has its variations. According to the TIME/CNN poll, forty percent of African-American teenagers claim to have known someone in their age group who has been killed, whereas just fifteen percent of Caucasian teenagers said they had experienced the same. Interestingly, African-American youths believe they are treated unfairly by enforcement officers, while one-third believe they are â€Å"at risk† (Farley, 1997; 88+) of receiving unfair treatment. Just one of five Caucasian youths feels the same. John Hope Franklin, head of President Clinton’s race relations task force, claims genuine racial betterment will not arrive until â€Å"you have improvement in the home conditions of kids of all kinds† (Farley, 1997; 88+). An intriguing informal study gives an indication of how racial difference runs deep within an individual’s psyche. Psychologist and author Beverly Tatum, who recently wrote Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria? , routinely poses the following question to psychology students: â€Å"I am _______. † What is most interesting about the answers she receives is the fact that Caucasian students fill in the blank with an adjective describing their personalities or characters, whereas students of other races are more apt to finish the sentence identifying their ethnicity. According to Tatum, such racial recognition is born out of adolescent peer pressure, â€Å"societal influences and self-reflection† (Farley, 1997; 88+). Polls are regularly put to use to determine the public climate on race relations. A recent USA TODAY survey of more than two thousand college freshmen from around the country reported that forty-five percent perceived race relations as having a positive stance within society; in all, two percent thought relations between African-Americans and Caucasians were excellent (Kohen, 1998; PG). A poll in The Independent, a British publication, noted that one-third of the Caucasians believed one should marry only within one’s race (Forna, 1998; 1, 2). Granted, views of younger generations may be quite a bit more diverse than those of the older sect, but those younger views are what will ultimately shape the future of the country. Being on campus allows people the opportunity to intermingle more frequently with those of other races, which may give them the false impression that the rest of the world is as friendly with one another as they are at school. Unlike out in the real world, campus life encourages the fraternization of racial groups, attempting to overthrow the narrow- mindedness often found on the streets of reality. Noel Barrion, Asian American Student Union president, observes this difference each and everyday he looks to see who is sitting next to one another in the school cafeteria. â€Å"Racial discrimination is out there. People just aren’t aware† (Kohen, 1998; PG). Barrion says the AASU works hard to bridge the gap that separates the races as they exist on campus. Naima Stevenson, Black Student Union President, says the solution to â€Å"combating racial discrimination† (Kohen, 1998; PG) is to keep the lines of communication as wide open as possible in order to â€Å"confront the complexity and richness of in the United States† (Delgado, 1997; 39A). Because of this forward moving attitude, the relationship between the two campus racial organizations is in good standing. Says Barrion: â€Å"The vehicle between us becoming friends is the desire to be involved† (Kohen, 1998; PG). Both Stevenson and Barrion admit to the difficulty of establishing just how much race relations have changed for the worse or better during their short stay at college, but they both have reason to remain positive that future change will be for the better. For Stevenson, looking back after several years to find a marked improvement in campus race relations would be ideal. They both believe that if relations continue in the manner they currently are, this would not be such an unexpected occurrence (Kohen, 1998; PG). However, it is not uncommon to find just the opposite opinion from other students. The USA TODAY poll revealed that far more African-Americans sense the negativity with regard to race relations than does any other race. Yet despite actions in place to bridge the racial gap, those like Barrion and Stevenson believe far more can be done than the efforts currently available on American college campuses. While the opportunity is there for expansion, there is just â€Å"not enough diversity on campus† (Kohen, 1998; PG). â€Å"It looks like it will still be the same problem going into the new millennium. There’s plenty of opportunity to meet someone of another culture or that you would have never known about before† (Kohen, 1998; PG). President Clinton has set his sights on bridging the racial gap in an effort to improve the country’s â€Å"deteriorating race relations† (McFeatters, 1997; 68). By using his clout as Chief Executive and standing behind the affirmative action policy, Clinton hopes to turn around some of the prejudice that continues to spread across the land. A speech he gave at the Million Man March in Texas in 1995 effectively forecasted America’s situation as one where an inordinate number of people â€Å"fear deep down inside that they’ll never quite be able to see each other as more than enemy faces, all of whom carry a sliver of bigotry in their hearts† (McFeatters, 1997; 68). Clinton contends that America must clean its house of racism; that â€Å"a house divided against itself cannot stand† (McFeatters, 1997; 68). While these words ring true, it is not clear as to what the President intends to do in the long run to curb racism in the United States. One thing he does propose is a more fair system of dispersing wage earnings among African-Americans, of who only one-fourth make upwards of thirty-five thousand dollars a year compared to one-half of all Caucasian Americans (McFeatters, 1997; 68). Speaking on the topic of integration, President Clinton agreed with Franklin who proposed the only way to clear the cloudy air of racism was to encourage â€Å"open and honest dialogue† (McFeatters, 1997; 68) among the races; that it was, indeed, the â€Å"critical first step† (68) in the direction of genuine racial integration. Other critics say it is time to â€Å"end the reliance on racism as an explanatory concept† (Wortham, 1996; 253) for all racial problems and â€Å"move beyond the black-white paradigm† (Gold, 1998; B-2) when the topic turns to race relations. â€Å"When we say true integration, we mean the opportunity of every American to develop to the fullest extent of his capacity. We mean that every individual regardless then of regardless of religion, regardless of ethnicity, every American has an opportunity, should have an opportunity to move forward as rapidly as his talents, his or her talents, and as rapidly as the opportunities open† (Page et al, 1998; PG). BIBLIOGRAPHY Introduction to Psychology; Inner Reality, Outer Reality in Diversity, Jennifer Iljas ISBN: 0-7575-2864-3 Anonymous (1997, June). Poll finds pessimism on status and future of U. S. race relations// Perceptions are black and white. Star Tribune, pp. 04A. Delgado, Richard; Perea, Juan F. (1997, November). Racism goes beyond black and white. Rocky Mountain News, pp. 39A. Farley, Christopher John (1997, November). Society: Kids and race: A new poll shows teenagers, black and white, have moved beyond their parents’ views of race. TIME, pp. 88+. Forna, Aminatta (1998, August). Bridge over troubled water. Independent on Sunday, pp. 1, 2. Gold, Matea (1998, February). L. A. shares its experiences with race relations panel; Diversity: Video points out what the city has learned and seeks to widen presidential advisory group’s discussion beyond black-white issues. Los Angeles Times, pp. B-2. Green, Sharon (1998, May). Washington, DC, President’s initiative on race: Progress. Talk of the Nation (NPR), pp. PG. Kohen, Rochelle (1998, February). USA Today survey reveals poor perception of race relations. University Wire, pp. PG. McFeatters, Ann (1997; May). Clinton hopes to close racial divide. Rocky Mountain News, pp. 68A. Page, Clarence; Hansen, Liane (1998, June). Race Initiative. Weekend Sunday (NPR),pp. PG. Wortham, Anne (1996, January). Distorting the Dilemma. The World & I, vol. 11, pp. 253.

Biblical World View Essay Essay

In The Essence of the New Testament: A Survey, Towns and Gutierrez, the authors concur with other Biblical scholars understanding that â€Å"the teaching of Romans is not only crucial for Christian theology, but the greatest revivals and reformations throughout the history of Christianity have resulted from an increased understanding and application of the teaching of this epistle† This essay will attempt to summarize how the first 8 chapters of this amazingly written Book of Romans shapes my own personal Biblical worldview. I will first look at 4 areas in which Paul specifically presents clear evidence to his readers of the truth of the Gospel Message. The first area He presents is in regard to the natural world that surrounds all mankind. In Roman’s 1: 19,20 Paul writes â€Å"For what can be known about God is plain to them, because God has shown it to them. Ever since the creation of the world his eternal power and divine nature, invisible though they are, have been understood and seen through the things he has made. † I remember as a child in Sunday school that I was often taught about God by looking at natural world that surrounded me. The sunrise, the rainbow, the oceans and many more wonders that pointed me to a God who was not only very powerful but very loving, too. He gives us rain so the soil can produce food and sunlight to give warmth and water to provide life to every living thing He created. Paul presented this basic truth about God because all mankind can easily relate to the amazing natural world that affects his of her everyday life. God has created an amazing order to His World so man must know that the world they live in is a divine creation. Seeing God in nature is not only evidence for me that He is real, but also I see this natural world as another of the beautiful gifts that He gives us to enjoy. And for me, it is a strong reminder each day that God loves me. The second area Paul focuses on is our own human identity. Man’s identity is built on what he has clearly seen in nature. So, Paul quickly moves to point out that once humans have experienced God’s creation and they choose not to  honor Him â€Å"They are without excuse; for though they knew God, they did not honor Him as God of give thanks to Him, but they became futile in their thinking, and their senseless minds were darkened. † Romans1 :20-21. Paul goes on to list the many sinful ways of the darkened minds that chose not to honor God. The inspired list of sins that Paul declares leaves no room for any man to truly believe that he is without sin. It is in that list of sins that Paul shows the separation of all mankind from God. It is only in that place of acknowledgment of sin that man can begin to understand his or her human identity. My own human identity is shaped more and more each day as I choose to stand before God acknowledging that I am a sinner. I have a world view that is changing to become more understanding of the need to spread the Gospel message because of my increased awareness of my own sin nature. The third and forth areas of Paul’s writing in Romans builds on the first two. Now that mankind has had the obvious evidence of the existence of God in Nature, and now that mankind has seen that he fits somewhere on the list of behaviors that do not honor God, Paul moves on to point out the affects of ungodly living. Mankind began to worship idols, and humans turned against each other as the result of turning their hearts and minds against God. Because of mans’ choice to turn from God, the sinful nature of man was as plain to see in the culture of the day as was the nature of God was plain to see in the natural world He had created. Any man whose heart was not completely heartened could begin to see that Paul†s message about God was full of truth. When I look back at the times in my life when I have lived without God. Or when I live knowing Him without really realizing that He is in control, not me; I begin to feel the emptiness that living without Him brings to me and those around me. Not only emptiness, but sometimes total chaos due to lack of purpose. As I realize my own personal struggles with faith, I can see how this world needs a savior, too! Paul presents evidence of a people and of a culture that has turned from God. As the Jews put themselves above Greeks and dissension grew among so many different cultures, the will of God had become lost. Paul’s writing in Roman’s made clear what God’s will is for mankind. To summarize, Paul presented a biblical world view in Romans that no man could truthfully reject. God can be seen in nature. Just as God can be seen in nature so can the sinful nature of man be seen in culture we live in. All mankind knows this truth in their heart yet all men refuse to totally honor God. â€Å"Since all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God;† Romans 3:23 Paul sets the stage for mankind to accept the Gospel message of forgiveness of sins through Jesus Christ. Thank God for the inspired writing that is the Book of Romans. It can inspire all its’ reader to take a trip on the Roman Road to Salvation.

Newsreel subject area †Newfoundland

The third place among the developed countries means responsibility for peace, support to needed and burden that is laid by global unions and associations to Canada. It is a front line, without any place to step back. But, all these duties and obligations may weaken Canadian ‘body’ if there is no inner support and strength. Destruction always follows up division and the core factor to avoid it is to submit provincial powers to single governmental authority. Disregarding the Conservatives’ opposition, Canadian government took actions to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions. On October, 2006, Liberals made the first attempt to meet Kyoto goals and introduced the Tory bill that would regulate auto industry and oil and gas sector, and apply fines and jail terms in cases of industrial over-pollution. It was supposed that smog levels and emissions would be cut by 45 to 64 percent from 2010 to 2050 and next four years were aimed at short- and long-term schedules for industries to cut emissions. Still, ‘if production increases, the overall amount of greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants could grow’ (CBC News, October 19, 2006). Thus, the bill was called ‘economy-devastating’ and declared invalid (CBC, February 14, 2007). Today Baird said â€Å"the government will explore emission credit trading with the U.S. and Mexico† (CBC, CBC, April 25, 2007), along with domestic trading, technological investments and cleaning development. The details and expenses to cover were not revealed, but, the nearest future will disclose a standstill or headway of the government. As a democratic country, Canada turned to be among those countries, which compose the International Assistance Force and, since 2001, were involved in democratic process in Afghanistan. Canada’s military mission included post-war assistance, heavy weapons cantonment, demining, training, along with loans to individuals (CBC, November 1, 2006). In 2006, Canadian soldiers were elected to operate two more years. This fatal vote engraved 46 military and one diplomat, comparing to total 55 soldiers, in nation’s memory (CBC, April  20, 2007). Eight of them were killed in one week: â€Å"six were killed on Easter Sunday, while two were killed three days later (CBC, April 25, 2007). According to â€Å"The Telegram†, all soldiers, who died of roadside bomb explosions, were from Atlantic Canada, ‘including Newfoundlanders Donald Lucas and Kevin Kennedy (April 25, 2007). These soldiers will be honored by 5,000 people in New Brunswick on Wednesday. The facts show that democracy, as any other good, is paved with thorns, rather than roses. Fishery Products International was formed in 1984 in Newfoundland; therefore, rural province was given a chance to raise inner economy. Nevertheless, workers, who were standing for the company, were left without a contract since March 31, 2005 (CBC, April 22, 2007). Overseas competition resulted in labor costs’ $2 cut and a strike. The Fish, Food and Allied Workers union agreed on a $1.06 reduction, yet workers voted against the agreement and were ready to ‘starve to death on the picket line’ (CBC, April 23, 2007), rather than work. Their devotion passes unnoticed on top; thus, current wages $13.66/hour remains open till the strike deadline on April 30 (CBC, April 25, 2007). Residents of Newfoundland’s Daniels’ Harbor run the risk of slides, when the cliff based in clay become eroded at the bottom (CBC, April 19, 2007); while twelve of them were evacuated. Five buildings, one business and a highway were affected by the series of slides and were waiting for the officials, who faced this kind of emergency for the first time. Victims of the disaster are expecting financial aid from Emergency Measures Office to rebuild new homes (CBC, April 20, 2007); but public is also welcomed to contribute its share to the Daniel’s Harbor Disaster Fund. The outcome of a possible destruction of other structures was another evacuation, ordered by Newfoundland’s officials (CBC April 25, 2007). The planned girls’ ball hockey championship finally starts on April 27 in Bonavista. School Sports Newfoundland and Labrador sponsors provincial girls and awaits the  championship banner and medals that will be gained through the series of games on Friday and Saturday. Moreover, sponsors have nominated individual players, who will ‘receive an individual sportsmanship medal’ (â€Å"The Telegram†, April 25, 2007). Surfing forums of the National Magazine, I took the one that exactly fits the articles, mentioned above. I’ve marked four subdivisions in the National News forum that will be listed in descending order: politics (8 threads), society (5 threads), and both economy and environment hold three threads. The top issue of the day for Canadians is decentralization of Canada. Quebec that is looking for the ‘freedom from external authority’ (Halonen, March 30, 2007), along with British Columbia and Ontario seems to stay aside from the needed regions and equal payments. Posts ‘for’ the split are united by the idea of self-government and all-sufficient autonomy, turning the blind eye towards the inner competition and ashes that will follow the years of separation. Lack of a domestic freer trade does not mean that Canada has ‘screwed itself’ (Newgold8, April 16, 2007), because of the positive trade balance, comparing to the U.S.’ and EU’s negative ones, and surplus that covers national debt (DennisP, April 12, 2007). Posts ‘against’ modernization and smaller chunks prove that Canada will stay in its leading position only if the play will go on collectively, not separately. ‘Decentralize †¦ and you lose one of the incentives for the provinces to play nice with each other’ (ThinkOrThwim, April 7, 2007). Canada is a country of democrats, who wish they would veto seal hunt and destruction of fisheries, separatism, anti-Semitism, along with global warming, military issues and capitalism, if only they could be united, which is the greatest contrast with the U.S. Yet, they are the patriots, like we are; but, inter-provincial separation makes them inwardly focused more that outwardly. My life in Canada seems to be more stable, aside of terrorism, hurricanes and taxes that are spend on weapons and national defense. Works Cited: The Canadian Press. Thousands Expected to Attend Memorial Service For Fallen Canadian Soldiers. Online. The Telegram. Internet. April 25, 2007. Available: http://www.thetelegram.com/index.cfm?sid=25091&sc=79